Environment Preferences of Woodlice: An Experiment

Environment Preferences of Woodlice: An Experiment Do Woodlice prefer damp or dry environments? Woodlice are commonly mistaken for insects. Although they tend to live in woodland areas, Woodlice closest relatives are actually Crabs, Shrimp and Lobsters, with all 4 belonging to Kingdom Crustacea (www.sylvanusservices.com/resources/woodlice_info.pdf accessed 10/10/14). Crustaceans characteristically live in aquatic or damp habitats. They have cephalothoraxes and lack a water proof exoskeleton (Kent, 2000). Due to their exoskeleton not being waterproof, dry environments are bad for woodlice (Kent, 2000). Water can be lost from their bodies via transpiration leaving them very vulnerable to desiccation (Anselme, 2013). Their size would indicate that transpiration can occur very quickly, preventing them from venturing very far from their usual damp habitat. They are terrestrial arthropods but are thought to have evolved from sea dwelling animals such as a Trilobite (www.sylvanusservices.com/resources/woodlice_info.pdf accessed 10/10/14). Most crustaceans breathe via gills, and therefore need to constantly be close to water sources in order to breathe (Pond, 1990). It can therefore be deduced that woodlice (as crustaceans) need to keep close to water sources in order to survive. Woodlice are actually nocturnal, emerging at night to feed and socialise (www.sylvanusservices.com/resources/woodlice_info.pdf accessed 10/10/14). They moult throughout their growth, and at the point of the actual moult they are very vulnerable, other woodlice will actively fight over a freshly moulted woodlouse until one wins and consumes it (www.sylvanusservices.com/resources/woodlice_info.pdf accessed 10/10/14). The purpose of this experiment is to find out if woodlice prefer damp or dry environments. The woodlice will be introduced into choice chambers which are half damp and half dry and allocated a period of time before counting how many have settled in each area. The damp area will be made damp via tap water as woodlice are sensitive to pH (Souty-Grosset et al, 2005). Anselme, 2013 stated that woodlice seemed to remain immobile in environments that it was deemed to favour. Therefore, this experiment will rely on the woodlice immobilising within a set period of time (10 minutes) before collecting the results. Woodlice are known as â€Å"decomposers† (www.sylvanusservices.com/resources/woodlice_info.pdf accessed 10/10/14). Everything decays and decomposes faster in damp areas, and although there is a lot of evidence that woodlice require the damp to breathe, it may also be possible that they associate damp areas with food sources and so show a preference for damp environments. The hypothesis is â€Å"Woodlice prefer damp to dry environments.† Materials and Methods 10 Woodlice Choice chamber with gauze Wet and dry kitchen roll Pot to collect woodlice in Stop watch 10 woodlice were located in a nearby woodland area and placed into the collection pot ready to transport. The choice chamber was then set up. Using the divided areas of the choice chamber, half the chamber was filled with damp kitchen roll and the other half with dry kitchen roll. The gauze was then placed on top of the kitchen roll and finally the lid was put on the top. The 10 woodlice were subsequently introduced to the middle of the choice chamber. They were then timed and observed for 10 minutes before being counted in their final locations. This experiment was then repeated under exactly the same conditions and more results were collected. A control experiment was then performed to ensure that the woodlice were not influenced by other factors when choosing their area to settle within the choice chamber. Results In the first experiment, after the allocated 10 minutes, 1 woodlouse became still in the dry area, the remaining 9 settled in the damp area. In the second experiment 2, after the allocated 10 minutes, 2 woodlice settled in the dry area and 8 were found in the damp area. In the control experiment, the sample woodlice were allocated the same 10 minutes in order to chose where to settle. 6 woodlice stopped in one half of the choice chamber and 4 in the other. Discussion The results are quite clear; the majority of the sample woodlice chose to reside in the damp area of the choice chamber in both experiment one and experiment two. The control experiment showed that the woodlice preference was purely based on the variables of the experiment. It is possible that less woodlice went to the damp side in the second experiment due to becoming saturated with water so sought out dryer areas to dry out (www.sylvanusservices.com/resources/woodlice_info.pdf accessed 10/10/14). To avoid this affecting the results, the woodlice could have been given more time between experiments. It was unclear whether the woodlice sample contained different species, and woodlice ability to survive for longer in dryer areas depends on the amount of gills they have (www.sylvanusservices.com/resources/woodlice_info.pdf accessed 10/10/14). The species of the sample was unknown, although after viewing some diagrams, it was suspected to be â€Å"Porcellio Scaber† (McGavin, 2000). Further research could compare different species and their preferences of environments. The woodlice all seemed to settle and become still after around 4 minutes of exploring their new surroundings. Their settling was taken as a sign on their preference of area (Anselme 2013). Although it did seem the exploration of the choice chamber was random, during experiment 1 a smaller woodlouse actually mounted a larger woodlouse. Its fate was therefore dependent on the choices of its carrier, not its own. This may have affected the validity of the results. The sample size was very small, which makes the experiments results very limited and therefore a repeat of this experiment would require a larger sample group to collect more varied, accurate results. The amount of water used to create the damp side was not regulated. In order to keep things the same, the water should have been measured and the exact same amount of paper towel should have been used each time. The experiment could be repeated several times in order to work out a more accurate average choice of the woodlouse. The control experiment should have been performed first so there was no chance the sample had associated a side of the choice chamber with a certain variable. A choice chamber is an effective way of finding preference; however it was not a realistic living environment. Damp and Dry soil could have given more reliable, realistic results as it imitates the environment the sample were found in. The sample woodlice were all collected from the same area. These woodlice were already living in damp conditions, which was a good indicator as to their preferred habitat. The sample could have been collected from various habitats to prove that given the choice, all woodlice prefer a damper environment. It can be concluded that, on average, the woodlice sample chose to settle in the damp environment than the dry environment, as was hypothesised. REFERENCES ANSELME, P. (2013) Preference for rich, random tactile stimulation in woodlice. Learning and motivation. (44), 326 – 336 BADENHAUSSER, I. SOUTY-GROSSET, C. REYNOLDS, J.D. MOREL, A. (2005) Investigations on the potential of woodlice as bioindicators of grassland habitat quality. European Journal of Soil Biology 41, 109–116 KENT, M. (2000) Advanced Biology. Oxford: Oxford university press. Page 488-489 MCGAVIN, G.C. (2000) Insects, spiders and other terrestrial arthropods. London: Dorling Kindersley ltd. Page 212 POND, C.M. (1990) Biology form and function: Diversity of Organisms. Kent: Hodder and Stoughton. Page 95 Sylvanus Archaeological, Natural History Illustration Services[online] Welcome to the Weird and Wonderful World of Woodlice! Norwich. Available from: http://www.sylvanusservices.com/resources/Woodlice_Info.pdf [accessed 10/10/14] BIBLIOGRAPHY ANSELME, P. (2013) Preference for rich, random tactile stimulation in woodlice. Learning and motivation. (44), 326 336 SPENCER, J.O. and EDNEY, E.B. (1954) The absorption of water by woodlice. Birmingham University:Zoology Department Sylvanus Archaeological, Natural History Illustration Services[online] Welcome to the Weird and Wonderful World of Woodlice! Norwich. Available from: http://www.sylvanusservices.com/resources/Woodlice_Info.pdf [accessed 10/10/14] POND, C.M. (1990) Biology form and function: Diversity of Organisms. Kent: Hodder and Stoughton. Page 95 McGavin, G.C. (2000) Insects, spiders and other terrestrial arthropods. London: Dorling Kindersley ltd. Page 212 Kent M. (2000) Advanced Biology. Oxford: Oxford university press. Page 488-489 Impact of Art Nouveau: Influences on Interior Design Impact of Art Nouveau: Influences on Interior Design My proposal will demonstrates that Art Nouveau was an artistic movement that took different directions in each country, how does this art movement changes the place of the world and affect all forms of visual culture. Furthermore, the impacts it has on architectures and interior design in the Art Nouveau movement. I will also demonstrates a New York architect whos work has relate to my design practice as inspiration. I was interested in Hector Guimards historic and refined architectures inspired me a lot, especially the Paris metro station. I like the dazzling virtuosity of wrought ironwork, as well as the floral designs and the unique letterform that was applied on the Paris metro entrance. Besides, the silhouettes of the metro entrance were symmetrical and it was designed to catch the eye and the surface decorations are elegant. He employs endless wealth of nature forms in architecture. Guimard architectures are essentially characterized for the naturalistic ornamentation and sophisticated design based on plant, his design idea is borrowed from nature and subsequently translates the contour of nature into architecture. I particularly like his bold use of materials and colour, such as the vibrant green he apply on the Paris metro entrance. In my own design practice, Hector Guimards architectures have an impact on my design in terms of the highly detailed surface ornamentation on architectures, the bold colour and distinctive appearance of his historic architectures have inspired me in my design where historical and contemporary design are incorporated into one design. On the other side, I found that the Art Nouveau glassware, architectures and interior design have truly inspired me a lot on detailed decorative designs and the use of plants as ornaments for interior decoration. The rich colours of Art Nouveau glassware have combined the beauty in nature and this is one of the reason I love everything that was produced during this art movement. The motif in my design practice encompasses all the characteristics of Art Nouveau, comprising the inspiration are derived from plants forms and the decorative surface. This book very clearly and thoroughly discusses how elements of Art Nouveau were absorbed into Art Deco after the World War I and how Art Nouveau styles of tile-making have been revived in the 1980s and 1990s. The book is very useful in determining why this was so and demonstrating the cultural significance this type of decoration had at the time. Verbrugge gives a detailed explanation of Art Nouveau was an attempt to give a new direction to nineteenth century art, architecture and design and to replace the prevailing historical style at the time. Additionally, the book also looks at how architects incorporate Art Nouveau ceramic decorations in buildings. This book demonstrates the many ways in which furniture not only offered Art Nouveau designers the opportunity to use their favourite sinuous curves and floral decorations, but also gave them free rein to select variety of woods and other materials to obtain different effect; in order to decorate a space in Art Nouveau style. In addition to thorough written and illustrated examples of their use, the book shows the diversity of Art Nouveau furniture that they are characterized by their charm for ornamentation. It also discusses why Art Nouveau furniture was elaborately decorated in the nineteenth and twenty century interior and discusses their meanings in the interior. It further goes on to detail on the sources that inspired designers in decorating the interior with Art Nouveau furniture. The book explores chairs and desks were adorned by elaborately distinctive styles of ornate, sinuous shape and natural curves of design. Duncan also looks at Art Nouveau furniture designers prefer is use a wide range of wood. Pale wood comprise teak, ash and maple. While dark woods were walnut, rosewood and mahogany. Mahogany has dark grain surface, it varnished repeatedly until it acquired a rich chocolate-brown hue, imparted a feeling of wealth. In addition, the characteristics of Art Nouveau furniture are their simplicity of line, richness of material and sobriety of decoration. This book offers a wide discussion on material which it has quite obviously played an important role in Art Nouveau glass. Ricke has discusses why Art Nouveau glass is not just a material for vessels but also for works that are so close to sculpture. This is relevant to my interests in the unique and distinctive design on Art Nouveau glassware. Ricke explains when various layers and colours, deep intaglio cutting and engraving are employed on glass, it make the glass looks more distinctive effect. Besides, he aslo discusses painting on glassware is very similar of paint on wall in certain aspects. Beckers book historically locates Art Nouvea jewels took on strange unprecedented characteristics; moreover, the dramatic symbolism of themes and motifs in Art Nouveau jewels. Besides, she has also referred the main principle of Art Nouveau proposed that the aim of art was to suggest reality. Becker discusses why the Art Nouveau jewels reflect the century at the time. It chronicles the role of women is the theme for many Art Nouveau jewel designers at the time and this theme reflected in many portrayals of women in the jewels. Insects, animals, plants, nature and birds are the fantasy creature as well as greatly loved motifs in Art Nouiveau jewelry, specially the dragonfly and butterfly; they were used in endless variations. Wriggling marine plants, rippling hair and the natural curves of the female form are the inspirations for Art Nouveau jewelry designers. The decorative floral motifs can also being seen in Art Nouveau jewelry. They all dominant theme of Art Nouveau jewelry. Furth ermore, Art Nouveau motif was extensively used in jewelry for a reason of harmony in life and art. Jewelry designer has put emphasise on aesthetic to the jewelry design and the femininity that employ a powerful influence during the Art Nouveau movement conveyed through the most feminine of ornaments. This book provides an excellent contextual overview for considering how Art Nouveau jewel designers express the new spirit of the art with special emphasis on the decorative element in jewel design. The book discusses questions about jewelry was the most intense expression of the Art Nouiveau movement. It reviews the nature of Art Nouveau style suited the purpose of jewelry as adornment to feminine beauty. Wealthy family who are passiobate about their plants was uncontrollable over their jewels and how they turned the natural flowers into jewels and diamonds to be transformed into flowers are further topics in this book. Becker explains the reality of nature in Art Nouveau jewelry desig n demonstrates jewel designers keen observation of the structure of and composition of plants. The book is useful because it mentioned every jewel designers contributed their individual way to their Art Nouveau jewelry design. She has also looks at the international impact on Art Nouveau jewel. Becker explores Art Nouveau jewelry designers study the plant structure and also mentions Art Nouveau jewelry have exquiste charm and deep relationship to nature. Additionally, the most extensive influence on Art Nouveau fashion jewel design came from ancient jewelry. She also gives a detailed explanation of Art Nouveau jewelry had all the vigour and intensity of youth, they are all highly decorative, streamlined and rich in order to create an abstract linear look on jewels. Hypermasculinity And Homosexuality: African American Culture Hypermasculinity And Homosexuality: African American Culture Through past experience and research, hypermasculinity has led African American culture to be defined as a culture that strongly fights for their sign of status, and sexual aggressivity and dominance appear to be highly regarded. Research has concluded that media and false misinterpretations of hypermasculinity are the main causes, and the strong influences they have are causing these dominant, aggressive and demanding behaviours. Research has been done through personal interviews, field work and observation. Perhaps present and previous research is showing a better understanding for many cultures as to why African American men display certain characteristics, in which demonstrate power and control. Furthermore studies are creating awareness for society, although they are not justifying these behaviours as being acceptable. Introduction: Life threatening situations are brought upon us every day as we walk out the front door, into the bus or into the front doors of school. Growing up in todays society and conforming to various norms, values and behaviours in which one witnesses, is traumatic and time consuming amongst young men and women, especially young African American men. Gender roles and societies expectation are presented at such a young age, this leading to pressure and unjustified behaviours, such as drug trafficking, prostitution and pimping. Within African American society, gender roles are depicted precisely and followed. Various different ethnic groups live in different parts of the world, but the status of black males in American society has been in flux for the last several decades (Lips 2001, p.5). The reasons why all these groups must show status is to prove their images of what it means to be masculine. Sentimental, submissive and superstitious (Lips, 2001, p.5) are qualities associated with females in every country. On the other hand males are more likely to be connected to characteristics resembling dominance, forcefulness and strength (Lips, 2001, p.5). In a variety of Hip Hop, Rap music video clips, the images being portrayed of how young men must behave always consists of the same factors; dominance, power, aggressivity and the tough guy. The question of how hypermasculinity is defined in African American culture and why sexual aggressivity and dominance appear to be highly regarded within this culture, has been an ideology for many. Despite false interpretation that the media portrays, and the pressure of role models and real men, the following paper will examine the main points and answers to these questions. Furthermore it will observe the use of the term nigga and gansta from an open minded point of view. Hypermasculinity defined and expressed Hypermasculinity is an extremely important sign of status for black males. Hypermasculinity is defined in the (Oxford Dictionary) as an exaggerated masculine qualities, although this term can be negative, it is also personalized when examining these behaviours as adaptive or maladaptive impassively. The term gansta for example comes from the word gangster, which means a criminal who is a part of a gang; who would want to be viewed as a criminal. The other term often miss used, is the word pimp. A pimp, is an agent for prostitutes who lives off their earnings (Oxford Dictionary). Today pimp is being used to refer to guys who sleep with many girls, or the ones who can pick up any girl they want. Where will society draw the line, and who comes to decide whether one corresponds to the definition of a man an adult human male, sometimes also used to identify a male human regardless of age, as in phrases such as mens rights (Oxford Dictionary). DeReef examines African American behaviour and defines masculinity to the degree where a male is able to successfully manifest their attributes (DeReef, F. J. 2006, p.46). These behaviours are being shown in different ways where males are modifying or distorting their real behaviours in order to conform into society, as to what seems to be correctly acceptable. Over a long period of time until today black compulsive masculinity has been a dysfunctional response to solving racial domination and has been causing more problems within the environment. In other words black compulsive behaviours is an ideology composed of African consciousness, in which has created a reactionary masculinity in many African American males who seek to imitate their white male counterparts (DeReef, F.J. 2006, p. 47). According to Wolfe African American males strongly believe it is hard to achieve masculine identity through usual work or responsibilities. They are justifying their behaviours through assumption s in which they believe that they are the only ones who must work hard and have responsibilities in order to achieve masculine identity. Maladaptive hypermasculine behaviours such as drug trafficking, or being a pimp are the ones being justified because there is not enough employment opportunities given to black men. There has been a correlation between joblessness and higher incidence of various maladaptive behaviours. Hypersexuality and homophobia Black males, especially young men are so afraid to be referred to as wimps, or homos, that they have even created the term no homo (Masculinity, homophobia and Hip Hop, n.d ),. The term No homo must be said at the end of each sentence, in order for people not to think they sound gay, or they said something gay. During an interview regarding the term no homo, males claimed not to be reinforcing that their not gay because they know theyre not, but they are just making sure that when they speak others dont assume theyre gay. Homophobia is a big issue that has aroused and has become serious within the generation today. Elijah G.Ward, discusses how the black churches are also encouraging homophobia amongst black males and most of the time those who are against homosexuality are uncertain of their own sexuality and fear that they will be categorised as a community. This strongly emphasizes their powerful beliefs that heterosexuality is the right way. Many cultures do not support homosexual ity, a significant amount of black people according to Elijah G. Ward, see homosexual relationships as unacceptable and morality wrong p.494. In the black community a famous gansta-rapper Ice Cube has implanted in one of his famous songs true niggers aint gay (Ward, G.E .2005, p. 497). Homosexuality is seen to be a sign of weakness and is associated with feminine characteristics, these also encouraging labels towards men such as fags or queers. The black church strongly enforces that homosexuality is not what a man is and a man should be violent, demanding and have control. Their main priorities are their labels and they pay close attention, not to be called sissies which is the opposite of being cool. They want to portray that hard core gansta rapper role model who is an intensified, black male cultural reflection of patriarchy, sexism, hetorosexism and gansta-style (Ward, G. E. 2005, p. 497). Violent behaviours and gansta Throughout history, the black population have undergone several changes some harder to adapt to then others. The main issue with behaviours constantly changing and deviance sometimes being accepted, is when you adapt to an aggressive dominant behaviour you dont want to let go of that control you have obtained. A problem which has occurred and is important to understand is to know the difference between, understanding what you have been told and believing and making your own judgements accordingly; if it is right. For example in the black society it is a sign of status, to sleep with as many women as possible. William, A. Wolfe, summarize in their article that it is right to deceive a girl in order to have sex with her (Wiliam, A. Wolfe 2003, p 848) and that they dont believe in the use of the condom for a simple reason that they would be undermining their masculinity (Wiliam, A. Wolfe 2003, p. 848).Black males have been socialized into using their penis as a way to achieve manhood . Different expectations within a culture or society and how values have changed over time. This has also caused many African American women to fear their partners, and studies say that a woman has been in an abusive relationship is more likely not to speak up and fight her partner. In regards to sexuality and power the black African American society believes that when sexual aggression exists in a relationship (Wiliam, A. Wolfe 2003, p. 848 ), this shows violence is involved therefore he is a man; concluding violence is manly. Adolescent black males are also accounted for having a higher victimization rate than any other racial or age group (Gregory,S. 2007, p 371). African American women compare to their counter parts are the ones to usually get involved in abusive relationships and stay quiet due to their surroundings and or an abusive father. African American women are more vulnerable and listen to their partners when they use aggressive behaviours. This also brings out statist ics which show that over fifty percent of babies are born to minor females, fathered by African American men. They also show that the father is usually on average 26.1 years older (Wiliam, A. Wolfe 2003, p. 849.From this one can clearly conclude that a young African American female is no way has interpersonal skills and dominance over her partner to demand the use of a condom. Furthermore, black males are often taught or trained to control their emotions internally towards exercises that stimulate minor frustration, although this does not emphasise the power that long term maladaptive, self destructive and life threatening (Gregory, S. 2007,p.386) consequences have above it all. An infant who is brought up in a dangerous neighbourhood, attended an unsafe school and dealt with racism is more prone to recognize feelings towards aggression and violence. Black men who have experienced a tragic event of a life threatening situation will want to be prepared if it ever happens again, this is why Gregory, S. discusses the use of carrying of a weapon. In most neighbourhoods today and schools, young teens will not walk around with knifes and use it as an excuse of security purposes, although in neighbourhoods where there are at least three people getting stabbed every day, these young kids want to feel safe. The college of New Jersey evaluated that males are more l ikely to carry a weapon than females, and a survey in 2007 showed that 27% of boys did carry a weapon (Gregory, S. 2007, p.369). Carrying a knife or a gun is a sign of security, despite its encouragement towards violent behaviours. A weapon stimulates the fight or flight response which is a decision you make when experiencing a dangerous situation. Is the individual going to walk away, or will he make a decision and fight. In a situation where someone is carrying a weapon, almost one hundred percent of the time if they feel secure enough to fight and win, the weapon is their support and will cause them to partake in this dangerous behaviour. Statistics show that in 1994, gun control accounted for approximately 1,700 Black youths aged ten to nineteen (Gregory, S. 2007, p 368). The following statistics tell us that most of crime is being committed at a young age by youth. Young children are the ones who are victimised, especially in schools in poor neighbourhoods and the fear they exp erience is unpleasant and it creates an awareness of danger. Hip Hop; a justifiable reason leading to hypermasculinity The third point, if not one of the most influential one in society influencing power, dominance and control is Hip Hop. As a whole Hip Hop has become a culture for most black African American men and this has brought up a new image of acceptable behaviours and hypermasculinity. Many video clips you watch or lyrics you read are not only full of vulgar language, but its always a battle over a girl, power or insulting someones mother. Rap has created a new lifestyle for young men, and also many role models like Eminem, 50 cent and Tupac. Luxury has also become a big part of status. Many African American men today believe that rap is a way to express their true black life. There are different kinds of rap music, this having an influence on different kind of behaviours that are being acted out in society. Rap is categorised using five different forms. Teacher-rap, nation conscious rap, gansta rap, player/lover rap, porno rap and last religious rap (DeReef,F.J. 2006). These different kinds of rap all influence different ideas from social commitment to struggle, romance, sexual aggressive behaviours and spirituality of Christianity and Islam. It is amazing to listen to a rap song and interpret all these different ideas, and thinks to yourself, how can a young fifteen or sixteen year old kid understand this. What is being said is sometimes due to a personal experience or the rap artist is expressing his feelings and or emotions. Media has shown violence to be a part of masculinity, that it has become a norm and is no longer deviance within society. Statistics show that one in four men will use violence against their partner, and eighty-five percent of murders are being committed by men. As one can witness sexuality, criminality and violence play a strong role as being partners. Hip Hop role models like Lil Wayne display high rates of criminality for young African American men, and also use violence and strength towards sexuality. Young males are being brain washed and influenced in regards to these being the real characteristics of men and its a direct justification for hypermasculine behaviours. Roots of slavery The 17th century African American slavery was devastating and today has become a part of history. Slaves were not entitles any equal rights compare to what other had. They were demanded to do hard labour work and were treated with cruelty. Slaves were working ridiculous amount of hours a day and werent even treated as human beings.These slaves were being sold as if they were commodities from city to city. Slaves were seen by many as a different class of people in society. Many slaves tried to fights their master although there was not much success as they would be arrested or sent somewhere else. Slavery today plays a role on how society view black males and how they view themselves compare to society. The word nigga The word nigga is a good example or a word that has different meanings and that has been re-appropriated in society depending on who uses it. The word nigga comes from the word nigger which was originally used to refer to black people. The word was also used in the time of slavery for the black who were trying to escape. Today many African American men use the word amongst each other like white people would use the word brother. Although if a white person were to use the word nigger it is seen as insulting and some African American men take it to the extreme of being offended they might even beat someone up. Nigger for the African American culture is a sign of self identity amongst one another and pride. It is a moment in time of history and they want to hold onto this. In the 1970 the word nigger was seen as racists, offensive and as early as today it is a word that many will refrain from using. Slavery and hypermasculinity Men have enslaved other men to show their mastery over them, and think it is a weakness to show or express their feelings towards other human beings. Patriarchal masculinity has caused problems that are so complex. Long after legal racial segregation ended ( Lips, 2001, p.2 ), it is still clear how the white society treats Black men. Unless close attention is being payed to little factors which make a difference; often Black men are referred to not as men but as boys (Lips, 2001, p.20). Black men lived through times where they were never given the same privileges as white men, and they always had to earn their masculinity, most of the time not feeling good about being a man. Black males were always viewed as inferior to other cultures and always had to prove themselves one way or another. They were always stereotypically related to drugs, poverty and violence. Black American youth during the period of black power to Hip Hop, were denied opportunities to exercise their citizenship; th is having an effect today, they dont want to fall back down beneath everyone. Being denied opportunities, rights and not able to achieve personal goals has stuck with the black society until today. Not only is being labelled black a mental damage, but creates physical aggression as well. It seems that an individual who has been constantly emasculated over the years would at least try to conform to the dominant culture in hope of their being some acknowledgment of acceptance. It has been proven throughout society especially in the United States, that growing up as a black male has been a tough process. Being a black male is a burden at times because some people see and think of me, and men like me, as menaces to society. The masculinity that has been a part of my life has been one that has been used to oppress others and oppress me (Clifford, A. 2006, and p.4). The status of poverty for African American youth is the one that is the most revealing. In 2001 among all American children under the age of eighteen, the poverty rate was sixteen percent, but it was three times as high for black children; 30 percent (Collins, H, P. 2006, p.3). Black youth are the ones who are affected the most by social problems. Increasing employment opportunities for African American males would be ideal, this would give them a better environment, better surroundings and influence them that they are like the rest of the society. This is also why many black males rape, because that act of aggression towards a women is a form of status in which they would use in a workplace which is often not available for them. In other words, having the right to work and live a normal life style, will affect them positively. Several African American men have shaped their understandings and realities based on the past and keep exercising those actions. Having a normal life style r emains a dream for many black youths living under the age of eighteen. The main problem that touches upon poverty is the ineffectiveness of political strategies that strive to resist it (Collins, H, P. 2006, p.9). The civil rights movement was the primary strategy to solve racial integration, although African American politics are trying new social challenges to meet old responses. Despite some accomplishment, African Americans are frustrated because they dont see anything opening up ahead of them and they are still dealing with high unemployment rates. Beyond social problems resulting to poverty, unemployment and lack of civil rights, masculinity today is a big part relating to the past. African American societies have developed strong personalities to prove who they are and what they are capable of. For instance when you look around today, you will see more black males working, neighbourhoods are less poor and opportunities and chances have been and are being given to black commun ities. Considering that young African American males occupy such a visible position within society, they have demonstrated a zero tolerance for race, nation, gender, age and sexuality (Collins, H, P. 2006). All these different aspects that influenced black men have created the drives towards manhood today. When black men were in slavery they were being ordered around and always given commands; comparing that to this new generations they are the ones who are in control, and for the most are the ones giving commands. Conclusion: The issue of hypermasculinity is one that is quite complex and a total solution cannot be found. Research has shown that African American men believe in proving themselves as real men; this leading to behaviours in which can no longer be controlled. These actions are being tolerated by society today especially for young black males. Sexual aggressivity, dominance and hypermasculinity are highly responded within the culture for a countless amount of reasons. Media is portraying false misinterpretations as to what it means to be masculine, there is always a constant pressure being brought upon black males which enforces violent and controlling behaviours and they are being accepted as normal. Thirdly, African American culture has such a strong influential past of slavery that their culture is looking at society through a different lens. Black male needs to accomplish giving themselves an identity that will cause them to be comfortable with themselves. Ideally black males should critically assess the dominant cultures norm of masculinity instead of reworking the norms to satisfy their social situation. Many black males have failed to see the problem of the dominant cultures norms of masculinity in their lives. Society in general has labelled black men as being dangerous, and regardless if you know the person or not before even speaking to many black men they fall into that category that they are violent, dangerous or a sex maniac. Society has enforced black males to feel this way and cause them to do things in which they shouldnt do. It has caused a psychological problem which is hard to erase. In no way do African American men believe they can show weakness, this would mean they are not men. Violence in the media is glorified, and is exposed to children of all ages. Police will not hesitate to use violence against s uspects, and these young black males are often the targets of violent behaviours in their neighbourhoods; drugs, rape, gang related fights or domestic violence.

Euthyphro & Classics of Philosophy Essay

In its simplest term, the divine command theory holds that given that god exists; an act is good only because God commands it. In other words, anything that is not approved of by God cannot be considered to be good. A major problem associated with this view is raised in Euthyphro. The Euthyphro argues that the gods command things because they are good rather than that they are good because they command it. Seen from another angle, the goodness of things precedes God’s command. However, considering the polytheistic nature of the society that Socrates and Euthyphro lived in, the conception that what is good is only good because gods command it may be challenged by holing that the gods may have differences in opinion especially with regard to issues of morality. As such, what may be dear to one god may not necessarily be dear to another. As such, one action may be both pious and impious. The divine command theorists hold that the source of all moral value is the will of God (Hall et al). Whatever is willed by God is morally good or obligatory and whatever he forbids is morally evil. With this regard, murder, theft and adultery are morally wrong because, and only because they are forbidden by God. On the other hand, justice and mercy are morally good only because they are approved by God. The majority of divine command theorists hold that there is no intrinsic Good. Whatever is done and willed by God is good and whatever opposes the will of God is bad. As such, the good has its foundation and existence solely in God’s will. Indeed, it can be conceived that God can alter his mind and command murder. This is especially seen in the scriptures when he commanded Abraham to kill his son. He can also forbid acts of clemency. Simply by an act of will, God can change virtue into vice and vice into virtue. The divine command theory is first broached as a philosophical theory in Euthyphro. Euthyphro and Socrates are attempting to define holiness with Euthyphro proposing a definition that holiness is whatever is loved by the gods. According to Socrates, this definition is ambiguous in the sense that it does not offer any clear comprehension of whether something is holy simply because it is loved by the gods or whether its loved by the gods because it is already holy. By making a generalization from the case of holiness, it can be said that either something is morally good or right because God commands it to be so or that God commands it because it is morally good or right to begin with (Pojman, 2002). In other words, either moral value depends on the will of god or the will of god depends on moral value. In Euthyphro, the two options are dramatically presented. That is, either the source of value depends on the divine will or elsewhere. Both Socrates and Euthyphro agree that it lies elsewhere and therefore reject the divine command theory. They however do not explain where it rests. Plato’s view is right considering his god-independent Form of the Good. However, the argument in Euthyphro can be hardly applied to the Christian God. Plato’s argument, as taken by Leibniz and other philosophers may be seen in the following context; that â€Å"honoring one’s parents is good because God has commanded it† implies the counterfactual that if God commanded other things, those other things would be good. God, by the theory, could have commanded those other things considering how powerful He is. According to the divine command theory, therefore, if God had commanded that one should dishonor his parents, then dishonoring parents would be obligatory instead of forbidden (Wilkens, 1995). This is however absurd. The divine command theory is thus committed to counterfactuals about what would have been good that are patently false. The implication is that, even though God commanded the good, this is only so because it is good and not that it is good because He commanded it. The dilemma in the question of whether what is holy is holy because the gods approve of it, or approve of it because it is holy can only be clearer if the polytheistic assumptions are eliminated and the term â€Å"holy† is replaced with â€Å"right†. If the question is restructured, it will appear as follows: does God command us to do what is right because it is right or something is right because God commands it? The question presents two possibilities. First, God’s commands can be conceived of to be right-indicating or pointing towards rightness. Second, it can be conceived of to be right-making or creating rightness. This question is whether God is viewed as a Supreme Court justice or a legislator. The justice comprehends the statutes and can therefore suggest what should be done for one to stay within the boundaries of the law. However, the law itself is independent of the justice. The legislator on the other hand does not just interpret but also creates law. Until the lawmaker legislates, the law is not in existence. The question thus is; which gives a better conception of God? Voluntarists see God as a legislator since they emphasize on His freedom, will and sovereignty. As such, God is not bounded to the dictates of some standard that He did not create. Instead, right is right because God legislates it. The declaration of God that particular actions are good is right making. This view of God as a legislator evades restricting His freedom and power. However, this may create another problem. If God is so radically free and powerful, could he create a world in which torture is good? If His saying so makes it right and there are no limitations on God, could he decide that rape is virtuous? Affirming this option is frightening since there is a natural inclination to believe that a command that we ought to rape would be morally repugnant, even if it emanated from God (Ross & Stratton-Lake 2002). However, there is need to notice its implication. It assumes a standard of goodness that is independent of God. Otherwise we would not have at our disposal anything by which to measure the commands of God. With this regard, a conclusion can be derived that the gods approve of holy (right or goodness) because it is holy (right or good). Holiness is an objective feature of the world and as such, the moral order is just as a fundamental nature of the universe as the spatial or numeric structure of the universe. Our moral attitudes do not make actions good or right. Rather, they are responses to rightness or goodness. What makes our belief that something is good is the property or objective characteristic of being good that it possess. If one defines holiness as meaning what is approved by the gods, one is putting forward a naturalistic definition. If one however defines it as such that it ought to be desired, one is putting forward a non-naturalistic definition. However, both the definitions show that what is good is intrinsic as opposed to what the divine command theorists attempt to postulate. Holiness, goodness or rightness refer to a property or a quality of something and thus, this quality or property cannot be decided by the goods but rather exist independently of the will of the gods. However, there comes a challenge when they refer to a relational property rather than the intrinsic property of the things of which it is predicated. This is the major challenge not only to the divine command theorists but also to Euthyphro. References Plato, Euthyphro Pojman, L. (2002). Classics of Philosophy. Oxford University Press Ross, W. & Stratton-Lake, P. (2002). The Right and the Good. Oxford University Press Wilkens, S. (1995). Beyond bumper sticker ethics: an introduction to theories of right & wrong. InterVarsity Press

The Hidden Gem of Compare and Contrast Essay Samples for 6th Grade

The Hidden Gem of Compare and Contrast Essay Samples for 6th Grade The Hidden Truth About Compare and Contrast Essay Samples for 6th Grade A compare and contrast essay outline is much more complicated than the remaining academic paper outline templates. How can you write a decent argumentative essay. Writing an excellent essay might be a bit of cake if you are feeling inspired. Essays term papers dissertations and a lot more. Writing a college essay can arrive in various forms and styles based on your taste. Students are always requested to submit unique kinds of essays, papers, reports, etc. Teacher indicates the various parts of the paragraph, 1 sentence at a moment. If you don't, read how to compose a compare and contrast essay. A number of the essay topics below may appear to contain subjects that don't have anything in common. Among the most common forms of essays it is crucial to grasp how to write one. The same as descriptive essay examples and other sorts of academic essays, a comparative essay can be produced in various ways. To be able to submit a flawless paper, you need to do more than just emphasize the similarities or differences. If you'll write a comparative essay, you will need to get a notion of the impacts of unique aspects to the result that you might get at the conclusion of the writing activity. Or it may be an introduction, then the similarities between the 2 subjects, the differences between both subjects, and a conclusion. It is possible to choose topics that are associated with the differences between the 2 cultures, languages or eras. The Battle Over Compare and Contrast Essay Samples for 6th Grade and How to Wi n It To make it simpler, our experts have divided a number of the best topics into 4 distinct categories. Just utilize all you can remember from the subject you're working with. In case the topic you're working with is exciting for you, we're sure it is totally simple to work with this. Lucky for you, there are a lot of topics you could concentrate on when writing and it's all your responsibility to ascertain the precise topic that you would like to build on. You are able to use books, documentaries, videos, and newspapers to locate relevant information concerning the topics you're discussing. You see it is an unusual topic which may be quite tricky to imagine or explain, but some students might just turn that topic into a masterpiece. This presentation was completed. You have to present your topic, obviously, and also your thesis statement that has the function of indicating to your readers what is the probable path of the full work. Remember it cannot be a single subject! Your writing should explain to the readers why it's a great concept to create this argument. Introduction with the effective hook and thesis statement stays the same. 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Students that need over a list of good topics may hire professional academic writers online to acquire the maximum grade with no distinctive efforts. Students who excel in writing about such complex topic might have an opportunity to be enrolled into a number of the ideal Art universities to come up with their abilities and talent. There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. The cost of an essay rides on the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. It is critical if you would like your writing procedure to be easier and clear. If you're still having problems making a determination, then you always have the option to request assistance from our professional essay writers who can help you get the best topic. The very first thing you ought to do is identify the form of compare and contrast essay which you are handling. 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Challenges Of Diversity Within The Workplace - 6204 Words

6 Jasmine Simmons MGT 425: Organizational Behavior Culture October 25, 2015 Professor: John Murphy ?CHALLENGES OF DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE? TABLE OF CONTENTS I. TITLE PAGE ?.1 II. TABLE OF CONTENTS ?.2 III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ?.3-4 IV. INTRODUCTION ?. 4-5 V. BODY ?. A. Importance of Challenges of Diversity In The Workplace 5-6 B. Benefits of Challenges of Diversity In The Workplace6-8 C. Challenges of Diversity In the Workplace..8-9 D. Types of Challenges of Diversity In The Workplace..9-10 E. Managing Challenges Of diversity In The Workplace...10-12 F. Awareness and diversity training programs Of Challenges In the Workplace12-13 G. The Importance of Diversity Training In The Workplace13-14 H. Effective Strategies for Managing Challenges Of Diversity In The Workplace.14-15 I. The Advantages of Challenges Of Diversity In The Workplace 15-16 J. Training Of Challenges Of Diversity In The Workplace..17 VI. CONCLUSION17-18 VII. RECOMMENDATION.18-21 VIII. REFERENCES 21-24 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: This paper will discuss the challenges and benefits of diversity and multicultural aspects in the workplace. It discusses how diversity challenges and givesShow MoreRelatedCulture And Diversity : An Instrumental Aspect Of The Business Environment Essay1182 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive summary Culture and diversity has been an instrumental aspect of the business environment for a few decades now. While globalization is singled out as its enhancer, it is far from its inceptor. Managers have had to deal with diversity for years, through the contemporary environment has realized an influx in this particular phenomenon (Mor-Barak, 2011). In the contemporary business, environment has become more complex with the degree of diversity that is being witnessed. Managers have toRead MoreEssay Workplace Diversity1577 Words   |  7 PagesDiversity is the uniqueness which every employee brings to the workplace in an organization or establishment. 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Essay on Marijuana - 528 Words

Marijuana Marijuana is a drug that has been used for thousands of years. Marijuana was used in ancient China, as far back as 5000 B.C. The Incans and Mayans used marijuana in religious ceremonies. Marijuana also has roots in this country. The Indians of the plains used marijuana in their peace pipes as a sign of friendship and peace. After prohibition there was a sharp rise in the use of this drug in America, but after prohibition was repealed the use went down. In the 1920s and 30s the use of marijuana was primarily by the minorities. In the 1930s it was common belief that minorities where inhumane and violent, and people believed that marijuana was part of the cause. Then in 1937 marijuana was declared illegal. This†¦show more content†¦Marijuana has a positive effect on patients with certain diseases. AIDS victims are sometimes prescribed marijuana to help increase their appetite. Victims of AIDS do not want to eat and thus they do not get the nutrients they need. 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Adjustments to meet needs of students with ADhd Free Essays

string(67) " Regan in Jo Frost ‘s recent docudrama on AD \( H \) D kids\." Approximately 5 % of kids suffer from AD ( H ) D ( Barkley, 2000 cited in Kutscher, 2000 ; Green and Chee, 1997 ; Selikowitz, 2009. ) However, prevalence is really higher and Susan Ashley ( 2005 ) suggests there are 6 to 9 per centum of kids with AD ( H ) D. Jo Frost ( 2010 ) in the recent telecasting programme â€Å" Extreme Parental Guidance † , states that â€Å" 1 kid in every schoolroom has AD ( H ) D. We will write a custom essay sample on Adjustments to meet needs of students with ADhd or any similar topic only for you Order Now † This figure is amazing and this essay will take to look at what AD ( H ) D is and how instructors and other professionals in a school scene can do sensible accommodations for pupils with AD ( H ) D. If there is a high incidence of AD ( H ) D within the schoolrooms, it is critical as a instructor that I and other professionals are cognizant of what AD ( H ) D really is. AD ( H ) D is a mental upset that is normally first diagnosed in childhood ( Jarvis, Russell, Collis, 2009 ) and consists of the bulk of the undermentioned features being seen in either of the inattentive or overactive class. These overactive or inattentive traits are more developed than those of their equals at the same age. The symptoms are: Inattention ( six symptoms at least from this list ) Tends to do careless errors in their work Can non stay focused on a undertaking Seems to look like they are floating off when they are being spoken to straight and looks like they are non listening Can be easy distracted by other kids, objects and variables. E.g. and unfastened window in the schoolroom. Have trouble organizing undertakings Does non complete school assignment or jobs. Avoids undertakings that involve sustained attending for case prep. Loses equipment or notes required. Forgetful. The person can non retrieve what happened this forenoon but can retrieve events from 6 old ages ago Hyperactivity ( six symptoms at least ) Fidgets Leaves their place without permission in category or at inappropriate times Has problem being rather during drama Runs or ascents overly Negotiations overly Appears â€Å" on the spell † Impulsivity Interrupts Can non wait their bend Can name out the reply to a inquiry before the inquiry is to the full asked. ( adapted from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, 2000 in Jarvis, Russell, Collis, 2009, pp57 ; Kutscher, 2000, Chadd, 2008 ; National Institute of Mental Health, 2008 ) AD ( H ) D is in two chief types as antecedently mentioned the inattentive type or the overactive and unprompted type. For the inattentive type this is usually diagnosed after the age of 7 in late primary or secondary school. Here the ratio of male childs to misss are approximately tantamount, nevertheless it is diagnosed more in male childs. The exclusive job with this type of AD ( H ) D is that it affects academic public presentation where sick persons are described as academic underperformers. There is the other signifier of AD ( H ) D which is the overactive and unprompted type which chiefly has male childs who are diagnosed with this signifier. Persons who suffer from this signifier of AD ( H ) D tend to be those who have ongoing behavior issues and can fidget and be easy distracted ( Selikowitz,2009. ) Persons can endure from a combination of both signifiers of AD ( H ) D. AD ( H ) D has been a controversial diagnosing for many old ages. Research workers are still debating over what the true cause is ; heredity or endocrine abnormalities. The media seem speedy to fault the parents and so make lay people who do non understand the construct of AD ( H ) D and province it is a â€Å" modern label for severely brought up childs † ( Jo Frost, 2010 ; Ashley,2005 ; Green and Chee, 1997 ) . In contrast the most dominant ground for AD ( H ) D is a chemical instability, this being 5-hydroxytryptamine. Serotonin affects how persons behave and with this instability will do persons to be unprompted and display anti-social behavior ( Moir and Jessel, 1997 cited in Haralambos and Holborn, 2000 ) . Haralambos and Holborn ( 2000 ) support Moir and Jessel ( 1997 ) in the thought that a effect of hormonal instabilities is that these kids will go delinquents in the close hereafter and will ensue in exclusions or interrupting the jurisprudence and being capable to a tutelary sentence. For instructors it is of import to recognize when a pupil could hold AD ( H ) D and understand how it can impact the pupil with their surveies. During this essay I will utilize illustrations from my learning experience at my current school to explicate how the school and myself makes sensible accommodations for pupils with AD ( H ) D. Schools are required to do â€Å" sensible accommodations for handicapped pupils with conditions that give rise to behaviour jobs † stated a High Court opinion in 2009 under the way of the Disability and favoritism Act. This instance was in respects to a nine twelvemonth old who had been excluded due to holding AD ( H ) D and rubing a instructor who was physically taking him from the schoolroom ( EHRC online, 2009 ) . For namelessness intents I will discourse pupils utilizing the names student A and B Student A is a twelvemonth 7 pupil ( 11 old ages old ) who was diagnosed with AD ( H ) D in twelvemonth 4 of primary school. He was expelled in twelvemonth 5 and sent to a pupil referral unit in the local country due to disengagement from his surveies and being violent and riotous in the schoolroom. He is seen to be noncompliant and obstinate with utmost unprompted inclinations. Student A show sever AD ( H ) D tendencies non usually seen at my current school with oppositional upset. Biederman, Munir and Knee ( 1987 ) conducted a survey on kids exposing AD ( H ) D features and noted that 64 % of participants displayed oppositional upset, this being pupil A is unwilling to conform and may seek to rag others on intent ( Kutscher, 2000 ) .He is described as being similar to the 7 twelvemonth old male child Regan in Jo Frost ‘s recent docudrama on AD ( H ) D kids. You read "Adjustments to meet needs of students with ADhd" in category "Essay examples" Student A did non sit any cardin al phase 2 scrutinies as he was out of mainstream instruction nevertheless he is gifted in Mathematics. He came to this school in September, a mainstream comprehensive with the purpose of returning to normalcy. In order to do the passage from the pupil referral unit to secondary school smooth, pupil A was placed on a reduced timetable until the October half term. Student A was accustomed to 40 minute lessons and completing at 2.30pm. Here he has 3 periods of 2 hr lessons with a 15 minute interruption in period 1 and a 30 minute tiffin in period 2. The school adjusted its lesson length from 6 1 hr lessons to 3 2 hr lessons as research has supported the thought that longer lessons cut down emphasis and anxiousness and besides do less break ( for illustration, from the motion between lessons ) ( Kutscher, 2008 ) . This school would be ideal for those enduring from AD ( H ) D who tend to endure from anxiousness upset ( 34 % of AD ( H ) D sick persons ; Kutscher, 2000 ) , as tiffins have fewer pupils due to being staggered during period 2 therefore pupils are non faced with big groups of people who can deflect or do nerve-racking state of affairss. When pupil A was on a decreased timetable he missed period 3 on a Thursday and both lessons on a Friday. This caused great deductions for the pupil as he missed his lone maths lesson and besides the practical topics of physical instruction and nutrient engineering. The pastoral support squad thought it would be best to incorporate the pupil easy into the school which has a different construction ( incorporate course of study with 14hours with the same instructor learning English and humanistic disciplines in the same lesson ) and avoiding the physical topics and maths until he had got accustomed to the environment and instructors. However, I feel that pupil A has non been able to construct the indispensable relationships with pupils and instructors every bit good as his equals strting secondary school at the same clip as evidently he has non been in my maths category and has non seen the interaction of the pupils with me or the interactions between groups of pupils within the categor y. Rob Plevin and Flinton O ‘ Reegan ( 2009 ) and cooper and O’Reegan ( 2001 ) emphasise in their research that it is indispensable instructors build a relationship with pupils who have AD ( H ) D and seek to do them experience at easiness directly off. This will seek to relieve the tenseness and create less opportunity of effusions happening. Students need to experience safe within the environment and know they are able to do errors free from ridicule. Student A and other diagnosed AD ( H ) D pupils receive societal accomplishments developing one time a hebdomad for 2 hours. This is to better relationships with equals and authorization figures. Ashley ( 2005 ) suggests that this is an effectual manner for the healer or perceiver to detect the Childs interaction with his equals when in a group puting and it is uneffective in an single scene. However, others such as Selikowitz ( 2009 ) and Green and Chee ( 1997 ) have posed statements saying that societal accomplishments developing can hold a positive consequence on the kids at the clip as they can larn how their words and behaviors affect others around them. However, one time out of this group puting with the security of the healer back uping the pupils gone, the pupils can happen it difficult to use these accomplishments to mundane state of affairss. I have observed a societal accomplishments developing session and it ended in one pupil physically assailing another. Kutscher ( 2000 ) suggests that this preparation can be good every bit good as holding little groups of AD ( H ) D pupils together in a category to larn literacy accomplishments, nevertheless, he suggests it can be damaging to hold all AD ( H ) D pupils in the same room as they can be easy distracted by others. Student B is besides a twelvemonth 7 pupil who has late began intervention for AD ( H ) D with medicine being Ritalin. Student B has other larning troubles ( 70 % of AD ( H ) D kids have a learning disablement, Kutscher 2000 ) These larning troubles are similar to other AD ( H ) D pupils within the school, these are: dysgraphia, dyslexia, and hapless sequencing accomplishments. Larry Silver ( 1999 ) cited in Kutscher ( 2000 ) argues that AD ( H ) D can be exacerbated by these larning troubles as pupils are fighting to follow and therefore go stressed. This can be seen to be true with the bulk of pupils diagnosed with AD ( H ) D within the school. To cut down anxiousness, it is of import all instructors in the school make sure they cut down instructions into little balls and measure by measure state pupil what they should be making to be successful at the undertaking. As a school policy to assist AD ( H ) D pupils every bit good as those pupils who do non hold AD ( H ) D but have specific larning troubles, instructions for undertakings are given both verbally and written ( for illustration in a PowerPoint on the board ) in little step- by- measure balls ( Terrell and Passenger, 2006 ) . Student B can go rather dying if certain modus operandis are non upheld or there has been a job in the forenoon ( for case, he has been told he can non go to the computing machine nine in the eventide ) and will stay believing about this issue. This anxiousness overflows to other pupils who become cognizant that he is dying and will seek to â€Å" weave up † the pupil, therefore ensuing in a battle. Due to his anxiousness, he was removed from lessons after the first hebdomad of twelvemonth 7 and merely returned bit by bit to his normal timetable in November. Routines are really of import for AD ( H ) D pupils, who do non react good to alter ( Green and Chee,1997 ; ATL,2002 ; selikowitz 2009 ) . Student B and A do non have much construction or modus operandis at place, school was the lone topographic point with modus operandis for these male childs. To assist the male childs have a set modus operandi in every facet of their life and cut down tensenesss Monday forenoon when they had to conform to regulations and routines the school met with the parents to discourse schemes. In this meeting a agenda was created for both male childs with times when they would wake up, times when they would acquire washed, have medicine, drama games, complete prep and so travel to bed. These modus operandis are now stuck in outstanding topographic points in their places and the pupils are much calmer on a Monday forenoon. Certain modus operandis and outlooks are indispensable in behaviour direction. For illustration, in my lesson I have set modus operandis ( who gives out the maths books, siting program, what I expect from regulations ) , nevertheless in some lessons the whole school behavior policy is non followed and the male childs find it difficult to get by and they are told they are making something incorrect but they are non having penalty. The school aims to utilize positive behavior schemes as suggested by Terrell and rider ( 2006 ) and Selikowitz ( 2009 ) to promote positive behavior. The bulk of AD ( H ) D pupils who display the overactive constituent are on wages cards which have 3 short term marks, 1 is ever an administration mark ( for case, retrieving all mathematical equipment ) and the other 2 marks could be: remain sitting unless asked to travel by a instructor, follow instructions first clip by a member of staff. Boardman et Al ( 2006 ) supports this method of honoring positive beha vior and from seeing these pupils in category I have seen the cards have a positive consequence on their school life. The school besides tries to do sensible accommodations for AD ( H ) D pupils by doing certain all staff members are educated about AD ( H ) D and how we should cover with certain behaviors and what modus operandis should be seen in the category. To do the acquisition experience uniform in outlooks, the school completes larning walks to guarantee all instructors have specific pupils for case those with AD ( H ) D seated off from distractions. All instructors must lump lessons as this helps keep engagement aids to scaffold acquisition, both cardinal elements that will assist cut down behaviour issues from AD ( H ) D pupils ( ATL, 2002 ; Green and Chee, 1997 ; ) , this will besides assist pupils who have a hapless on the job memory ( Kutscher, 2000 ) . All lessons should do usage of ocular, audile and kinesthetic procedure and should affect job work outing undertakings in the bulk of lessons. Alistair Smith ( 2010 ) at his recent Learn2Learn conference stated that it is indispensable for resiliency and job work outing accomplishments to be taught for scholars to do advancement. The manner the instruction system is come oning it will assist AD ( H ) D scholars to internalize the procedures needed to work out jobs and they will non hold a â€Å" meltdown†¦ when the demands on the kid † go excessively much from the undertaking ( Kutscher 2000, pp75 ) In my maths lesson there is a pupil who has a doodle tablet. This pad enables him to pull whilst I am explicating a construct at the board. It was suggested by The SENCO in order to cut down the distractions from others. I have found that concentration and work load has improved since he has had this doodle tablet and he is doing first-class advancement in lesson. However, during an observation, this was deemed an unsatisfactory lesson as I allowed this pupil to doodle. even though he answered my inquiries right every bit shortly as he was questioned. Even though the school does do sensible accommodations for pupils with barriers to larning such as AD ( H ) D sometimes the pupils single demands are non taken into history and it is what the lesson expressions like from the exterior that is of import ( for illustration, everyone with their caputs up focussed on what I am stating ) . This essay has highlighted the ways in which my workplace has tried to do sensible accommodations for pupils with AD ( H ) D. In fact, the school has gone above the basic recommendations and made the school environment an inclusive and welcoming environment for all pupils. Longer lessons have reduced the anxiousness and tensenesss. The unvarying attack of all staff members in their instruction has set clear outlooks in behavior and a solid modus operandi has been set with lessons holding the same format ( lumping to prosecute pupils ) . If farther research was to be conducted on the accommodations the school has made to suit AD ( H ) D pupils I would measure the choler direction Sessionss and the societal accomplishments developing to see how effectual these can be. In researching for this essay it has made me gain how antic the Additional demands section are and how much support they offer the pupils, parents and instructors. The observations of lessons has gave me an penetration into the battles AD ( H ) D pupils have to bear and it has helped me better my learning manner by including the usage of doodle tablets and wages cards for pupils to emphasis desirable behaviors. How to cite Adjustments to meet needs of students with ADhd, Essay examples

Japanese Business Communication & Etiquette-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Perspective of Japanese Business Communication and Etiquette. Answer: The following paper looks into the matter of providing a basic concept pertaining to the market structure and Japanese business etiquette. In fact, cultural diversities and differences have always been effective with the basic understanding of the entire situations in business perspectives. In fact, this has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective business understanding with the process that has been taken into consideration the basic changes in the total understanding of business need. Japanese business etiquette has been one of the most searched topics in the international business studies. Due to the ceremonious venture in the country pertaining to the performances of effective business, perspectives have been taken into certain understanding of the environment. This process includes the comprehension of- politeness, sensitivity and good manners since the Japanese people are highly conscious about their professional and social values. In fact, this has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective business understanding of the people. Since, Emily has chosen food and restaurant industry to be run in Japan, she needs to incorporate the Japanese business technique with her own professional value. In fact, this has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective chances from the effective chances. This has effectively concerned the basic concept of the entire case with the positive understanding of Japanese business style. Since there remains a huge difference in the mode of running business in Australia and Japan, the cultural and social difference, the business objective has to be taken into certain consideration with the effective understanding of the external environment. The following steps can be followed while making a business venture in Japan from Australia: An individual should understand that he needs to upgrade his behavior with that of the socio- cultural norms of the environment. An individual is internalized by his normal behavior that goes on throughout his life. This internalization becomes so deeply engrossed that most of the individuals is not digressed by the unfavorable situations for divergence. Japanese business venture teaches an individual their specific roles and status in other situations of the society. For instance, students, employees, leaders, employers, followers and teachers play their own different roles. An individual is made to adjust his or her own behavior in a way to bring in the correlation in the society. Moreover, there are other rights, privileges, responsibilities that are associated with every role thus intensifies the social welfare to keep social order in a relatively stable condition. An individual gets to learn many skills from Japanese business venture that helps them in leading a better life in the society. They are taught the proper behavior as per different social situation so that they can receive good appreciation and not any negative response from others. It aspires an individual to become a good officer, teacher, mother or father as an effect of Japanese business venture. Society spreads its cultural values and gives special orientation like educational, religious and political, which enables an individual to lead a proper decent life. Thus, people learn their habits; self- conception, group norms and universe of discourse that make it possible to interact with people of the society and act according to the societal rules. Thus, the main goals of Japanese business venture include- teaching of impulse control, developing conscience and preparing an individual to act according to the society (Aronfreed, 2013). Japanese business venture has five key agents- family, school, peer group, media and rehabilitation institutions. Family is the first place with whom the child first gets acquainted after taking birth in the world. The primary emotions like love, care, happiness and affection are all provided to the child by his family which forms the basis of how he will grow up to see the world around him. Parents deserve all the credit and blame for their childs success and behavior in life but the proof determines that parents have a large impact. Sometimes a child also ends up resembling their parents not just in looks or appearance but more than that. The ways in which the parents socialize depends upon two important factors, i.e. the social strata of the parents and their own biological sex (Zarakol, 2014). School is where the child is given training about the rights and wrongs, ethical and unethical of the society. The three Rs are involved in the school curriculum- reading, writing and arith metic. A child interacts daily a large part of their time with his fellow classmates, teachers and other authority figures that develop their interactive skill in the society. The peer group is a crucial juncture of the life that is influenced by some groups based on some specific characteristics or traits. This can be the after effect of their talent, their thirst for knowledge, sport activities and games; friends play a very important part in an individuals life especially during his adolescence when he is influenced by his taste in music, clothes, and other aspects of his life. They have a tendency to join the group for these features and this leads in taking extra care for the children by the parents so that these do not affect their personality that might be difficult to give up. The media group has a big influence on the child, on their perspective and by sticking to the media; they like to have a role model that grabs their attention such that they would surpass that person. Movies, TV shows, popular music, magazines, websites and other media influence an individuals political views, affinity for popular culture, views on men and women, people of other gender and color and other practices, values and beliefs. Sometimes, out of controversy the mass media is blamed for instigating the youth and imposing violence on them. A child gets badly affected by seeing violence in the movies even before reaching their adulthood. Mass media is also responsible for portraying racial and gender stereotypes. The final agent is religion that is not of prime importance. In recent days, people have less religious beliefs than it was in the earlier generations. The rehabilitation institutions like a prison, training centre for the armed forces, police institutes etc. have an impact on the individual who have stayed in such places. The training and discipline are given to such individuals who were unidentified even after leaving the places. These agents of Japanese business venture are essential for the human society because they act as the main platform of such an individual personality (Lytton, 2013). Emily has been successful in having a career in food in Australia due to the quality and strategies of her business. After successfully establishing her business and shop named The Aromatic Condiment shop in Perth, Emily now wishes to expand her business in business. In order to do so, Emily has scheduled her visit to Japan with Mr. Hamasaki in order to discuss the potential venture. Japan is a country that values social and behavioral aspect of the people. Therefore, in order to do business in Japan, Emily need to consider the cultural norms of the country. Loyalty towards the business organization is the most significant business etiquette for Japan. This highlights harmony, dedication and consistency in the business. The members of the Japanese organization are loyal towards the the organization and the fellow workers and if required they are ready to go beyond their job roles and responsibilities in order ensure the welfare of the customers. For example, the Japanese people are s o dedicated towards their work that if conflicts arise between the family and work, the workers prefer prioritizing their work first. Unlike western countries, silent communication in Japan is of utmost significance due to presence of homogeneity in the country. Speaking in excess is a sign of immaturity according to the Japanese etiquette. Therefore, silent communication signifies understanding by using body language or use of words to the minimum. Silent and indirect communication thereby, signifies harmony by providing a clearer picture. According to the given case study, initially Emily needs to consider the extremely formal business culture of Japan in order to conduct business. For instance, Emily needs to address Mr. Hamasaki by his name followed by his surname instead of only addressing by his first name. Additionally, Emily needs to use meishi, the professional cards that are important part of Japanese business etiquette. The meishi needs to be empty as writing on the card is considered an impolite gesture. Moreover, the card must be exchanged at the beginning of the meeting and needs to be kept until the meeting ends. Emily needs to consider bestowing something upon Mr. Hamasaki after a business relationship is established. This is because Japan believes in bestowing gifts to the business delegates with company gifts. In Japan, exchanging gifts between Communications in regards to two distinct cultures are defined as cross-cultural communication. In business, cross-cultural communications are vital, as failure to maintain cross-cultural communication leads to broken business relationships thereby, hampering it. According to the given case study, the potential cross-cultural barrier in communication is the language. Emily is an Australian, Mr. Hamasaki is Japanese, and both belongs to different cultures. According to the model of Dr. Hofstede, cultural norms play a significant role in maintaining interpersonal relationships. Therefore, according to the model, Emily needs to evaluate her actions, approach and decisions in order to avoid making mistakes. The model also highlights the confidence Emily needs to reflect in her personality while meeting Mr. Hamasaki. References: Aronfreed, J. (2013).Conduct and conscience: The Japanese business venture of internalized control over behavior. Elsevier. 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