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Sunbird Facts (Family Nectariniidae)

Sunbirds are tropical nectar-sipping birds belonging to the family Nectariniidae. Some members of the family are called spiderhunters, but all are considered to be sunbirds. Like unrelated hummingbirds, they feed primarily on nectar. However, most sunbirds have curved bills and perch to feed rather than hover like hummingbirds. Fast Facts: Sunbird Scientific Name: NectariniidaeCommon Names: sunbird, spiderhunterBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: Less than 4 inchesWeight: 0.2-1.6 ouncesLifespan: 16-22 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Southeast Asia, Africa, northern AustraliaPopulation: Stable or decreasingConservation Status: Least Concern to Endangered Species The Nectariniidae family consists of 16 genera and 145 species. All birds in the family are sunbirds, but those in the genus Arachnothera are called spiderhunters. The spiderhunters are distinct from other sunbirds in that they are larger and both sexes have the same dull brown plumage. Description Sunbirds are small, slender birds measuring less than 4 inches in length. The smallest sunbird is the black-bellied sunbird, which weighs about 5 grams or 0.2 ounces. The largest sunbird is the spectacled spiderhunter, which weighs 45 grams or 1.6 ounces. Generally, males are larger than females and have longer tails. Most members of the family have long, downward-curved bills. Except for the spiderhunters, sunbirds are strongly sexually dimorphic. Males often have brilliant iridescent plumage, while females tend to be duller or different colors than males. Some species have distinctive juvenile and seasonal plumage. Male and female sunbirds may have very different plumage colors. Irtiza7 / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Sunbirds live in tropical forests, inland wetlands, savannas, and scrubland in Africa, southern Asia, the Middle East, and northern Australia. They tend not to favor coasts or islands. Some species migrate seasonally, but only a short distance. They are found from sea level to 19,000 feet of elevation. Some species have adapted to live near human habitation in gardens and agricultural land. Diet For the most part, sunbirds feed on flower nectar. They eat from orange and red tubular flowers and are important pollinators for these species. A sunbird dips its curved bill into a flower or else pierces its base and then sips nectar using a long, tubular tongue. Sunbirds also eat fruit, small insects, and spiders. While hummingbirds hover to feed, sunbirds land and perch on flower stalks. Behavior Sunbirds live in pairs or small groups and are active during the daytime. They aggressively defend their territories from predators and (during the breeding season) other bird species. Sunbirds tend to be talkative birds. Their songs consists of rattles and metallic-sounding notes. Reproduction and Offspring Outside of the equatorial belt, sunbirds breed seasonally, usually during the wet season. Birds that live near the equator may breed any time of year. Most species are monogamous and territorial. A few species engage in lekking, where a group of males gather to put on a courtship display to attract females. Female sunbirds use spiderwebs, leaves, and twigs to build purse-shaped nests and suspend them from branches. However, spiderhunter nests are woven cups attached beneath large leaves. The female lays up to four eggs. Except for spiderhunters, only sunbird females incubate the eggs. Purple sunbird eggs hatch after 15 to 17 days. Male sunbirds help rear the nestlings. Sunbirds live between 16 and 22 years. Olive-backed female sunbird with chicks. Paul T Photography / Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN classifies most sunbird species as least concern. Seven species are threatened with extinction and the elegant sunbird (Aethopyga duyvenbodei) is endangered. Populations are either stable or decreasing. Threats Threats to the species include habitat loss and degradation from deforestation and human encroachment. The scarlet-chested sunbird is considered an agricultural pest, as it spreads parasitic mistletoe in cocoa plantations. Although sunbirds are stunningly beautiful, they are not typically captured for the pet trade because of their specific nutritional needs. Sources BirdLife International 2016. Aethopyga duyvenbodei. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22718068A94565160. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22718068A94565160.enBirdLife International 2016. Cinnyris asiaticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22717855A94555513. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22717855A94555513.enCheke, Robert and Clive Mann. Family Nectariniidae (Sunbirds). In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 13: Penduline-tits to Shrikes. Barcelona: Lynx Editions. pp. 196–243. 2008. ISBN 978-84-96553-45-3.Flower, Stanley Smyth. Further notes on the duration of life in animals. IV. Birds. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, Ser. A (2): 195–235, 1938. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1938.tb07895.xJohnson, Steven D. The pollination niche and its role in the diversification and maintenance of the southern African flora. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 365 ( 1539): 499–516. 2010. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0243

Gramm Leach Bliley Modernization Act of 1999 Free Essays

Gramm Leach Bliley Modernization Act of 1999 History of the GLBA The Gramm Leach Bliley Modernization Act of 1999 is a regulation that Congress passed on November 12, 1999, which attempts to update and modernize the  financial industry. The main function of the Act was to repeal the Glass-Steagall Act that said banks and  other financial institutions were not allowed to offer financial services,  like  investments and insurance-related  services, as part of normal operations. The act is also known as the Financial Services  Modernization Act. We will write a custom essay sample on Gramm Leach Bliley Modernization Act of 1999 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA), which is also known as the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, provides limited privacy protections against the sale of your private financial information. Additionally, the GLBA codifies protections against pretexting, the practice of obtaining personal information through false pretenses. (EPIC. org) Senator William Gramm Senator William Philip Gramm, also known as Phil, is a Representative and Senator from Texas. From 1978 to 1983, he served as a Democratic Congressman. Then from 1983 to 1985, Senator Gramm served as a Republican Congressman.Most recently, from 1985-2002, he served as a Republican Senator. After graduating from the University of Georgia in 1964, he continued at U of G to receive his doctorate in 1967. William Gramm was a professor of economics from 1967-1978. During this period, from 1971-1978, he also founded an economic consulting firm by the name of Gramm amp; Associates. In 1981, he co-sponsored the  Gramm-Latta Budget  which implemented  President  Ronald Reagan’s economic program, increased  military spending, cut other spending, and mandated the  Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981.Just days after being reelected in 1982, Gramm was thrown off the  House Budget Committee  for supporting Reagan’s tax cuts. In response, Gramm resigned his House seat on January 5, 1983. He then ran as a Republican for his own spot in a February 12, 1983 special election, and won. He became the first Republican to represent the district since its creation. Glass Steagall Act Due to the horrific losses incurred as a result of  1929’s Black Tuesday and Thursday,  the Glass-Steagall act was  created originally during the 1930s in order to prevent bank depositors  from  additional exposure to  risk associated with  stock market issues.As a result, for many years, banks were not legally allowed to  act as  brokers. Since many regulations  have been  instituted  since the 1930s to protect bank depositors,  GLBA was created to  allow the financial industry to offer more services. Current Events related to GLBA Due to the recent financial crisis and with concerns about the country’s economic status on the rise, GLBA has attracted its share of criticism. In an earlier statement, President Obama was quoted in the Wall Street Journal as saying that the GLBA helped create the 2007 subprime crisis. Nobel prize recipients Joseph Stiglitz and Paul Krugman have also criticized the Act.In fact, Paul Krugman referred to the co-author, former Senator Phil Gramm, as the â€Å"Father of the Financial Crisis. † Although GLBA is receiving the bulk of the outrage, the true â€Å"monsters† in this financial crisis have come from the unregulated brokerage industry and investment banks. Recent Proposals Although it seems to have fallen from new legislation, The Volcker Rule   is a pr oposal   to restrict banks from making certain kinds of speculative investments if they are not strictly on behalf of their customers. Volcker has argued that such speculative activity played a key role in the  current financial crisis.The Volcker Rule was first publicly endorsed by President Obama on January 21, 2010. The proposal specifically prohibits a bank or institution that owns a bank from engaging in  proprietary trading that isn’t strictly on behalf of its clients, and from owning or investing in a hedge fund or private equity fund, as well as limiting the liabilities that the largest banks could hold. As of February 23, 2010, Congress began to consider a different bill allowing federal regulators to restrict proprietary trading and hedge fund ownership by banks, but not prohibiting these activities altogether. Paul Volcker was earlier appointed as the chair of President  Obama’s  Economic Recovery Advisory Board, which was created on February 6, 2009.Works Cited†Biographical Directory of the United States Congress†. June 30, 2010 http://bioguide. congress. gov/scripts/bio display. pl? index=g000365.†Information Regarding the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999†³. U. S. Senate Commitee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. June 30, 2010 http://banking. senate. gov/conf/.†The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act†. Electronic Privacy Information Center. June 30, 2010 ;lt;http://epic. org/privacy/glba/;gt;. How to cite Gramm Leach Bliley Modernization Act of 1999, Papers

The Impact of the Motion Picture “The Passion of the Christ” to Society Essay Sample free essay sample

Passion of the Christ is a film that depicts the last 12 hours of the public life of Jesus of Nazareth. The gesture image is centered on his torment. apprehension. test. agony and decease. Due to its expressed content. it garnered different reactions from different people and became a receiver of unfavorable judgment and congratulations barrages. The movie received remarks in the facets of doctrine. faith. movie rules. divinity and even political relations. It made a secondary barrier among people who already have spiritual and cultural differences Anti-semitic ControversyPassion of the Christ’s greatest critical antagonist is the Judaic community. Prior to the film’s release. controversial issues were already at manus. it was whether the Passion of the Christ was anti-Jewish or non. The Judaic were concerned and commented that the movie has antisemitism deductions. The Judaic people claim that the whole narrative of Jesus Christ was anti-Jewish. they besides point out that the Bible is a concrete cogent evidence of these claims. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of the Motion Picture â€Å"The Passion of the Christ† to Society Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Judaic even say that it was of great alleviation that the Godheads of the movie did non trust to a great extent on the Bibles. otherwise it will be more ruinous than it already was. The anti-semitic intension is said to hold been to a great extent seen in the personality of the Judaic High Priest. Caiaphas and the irrational rabble of Jews who support Caiaphas’ hardhearted rage against Christ’s. Judaic critics are amazed on how the Christians are unreasonable and naif in indicating the indicating the finger Christ’s decease to the Jews while they should be in dept of gratitude for their godly redemption. Judaic curates were troubled upon having remarks from a 21-year old Muslim adult female who viewed the movie was persuaded and said that the Jews’ prevarications were exposed and they must be condemned for it. Ironically. it is customary to Islam Conformists that a prophesier should non be portrayed in any signifier of art. be it in literature. movie or theatre. Apart from racial issues. the film’s intervention was besides questioned by the Jews. Judaic Critics besides add that important characters such as Barabbas do non fit the textual description. The movie aggravated further disapproval upon seeing a scriptural transition in a peculiar portion of the movie. Non-Christian and Judaic disparagers see the movie as a signifier of spiritual haughtiness. Impact on Hebraism Several conservative Jews repel the theory that the film’s purpose has anti-Jewish innuendos. They believe that there are Judaic readings that shed a positive visible radiation. Fictional characters like Simon of Cyrene. Mary Magdalene. Veronica. Mary. Peter and John proved that the movie is non prejudiced or promote bias. This group of Jews even supported the movie. Furthermore. the film clearly shows that there are Jews on both sides. The film obviously showed Christ as a temple centered Jew. Simon of Cyrene is scorned as a Jew by Roman Soldiers when commanded to transport the cross. The lone individual profiled in a shooting as a stereotype of a Jew is Peter. although it was appearance-wise and non personality or attitude. Conventional Jews even overlooked at the oversights and suggested that the movie bequeaths an implicit in statement that it is non Jews per Se who opted for Jesus’ executing. but merely a fraction of the Judaic leading. and within that group there are opposing parties on the crucifixion every bit good. The Conventional Jews idea of the anti-Jewish allusion to be absurd. The bulk of the Christians during the clip the Gospels were written regard themselves as Judaic since they embraced the edict that Jesus is the fulfilment of what God had promised. Christian antisemitism by was still decades off from even get downing when the events of Jesus’ decease and enduring took topographic point. They besides defended that the film’s versions of the Judaic swayers have true inclinations ; history proves that improper activities on a mutiny against the Roman Regime one time tore the Jews apart. Judaism adds that the ocular representation of the totalitarian will of the Judaic leaders based from the original evangelical Bibles besides act and express in conformity to the disposition of every influential leader throughout history. They suggest that the feedback of the modern-day Jews is unlogical and does non deny the historical and biblical relation merely because of their negation to the barbarous truth that their antediluvian predecessors have connived and persuaded a local governor to hold a adult male. whom they feared to be sabotaging their influence to the local public. condemned to decease. Furthermore. the High Priests are depicted as influential leaders merely and non sadists who inflict intolerable torture. racial issues and indignation should be on the Italians point of view since the punishers were Roman Soldiers and talk conversational Latin. Biblical DifferencesChristians contended that the movie were the existent events on the concluding hours of Christ. However Non-Christians and some theologists raise argument about the legitimacy of the movie. Theologians say there were neither character build-ups nor a background of Jesus’ instructions. The movie attributes its differences in three facets ; Mel Gibson’s personal belief. typical representations and artistic licence. Theologians note the differences of the movie from its original beginning which is the Bible. Controversies with Christian Groups Most Christians claim the movie The Passion of the Christ as a portal to the modern universe that is foul and immoral. Many nucleus groups of Christian religion deemed the film to hold evangelical intent. Conversely. there are some Christian Groups. peculiarly. modern-day Christians that show dissatisfaction over the movie. They claim that the Godheads of the film have underlying statements that they wish to convey. Director Mel Gibson is a traditional Roman Catholic who is conservative with the patterns of the religion. Christian critics gloat on Gibson’s activities and the connexion of his beliefs to the movie. They claim that Gibson’s purpose for the viewing audiences of the movie is erroneous. Christians include that the movie is advancing the Roman Catholic rule of Sacramentalism. Sacramentalism means that. Christ suffered and died on the cross. this was the monetary value of redemption which in bend. adult male has to administer this redemption. That adult male ca n non accomplish redemption through religion entirely but by traveling to Christ through the Catholic Church and having sacraments such as Baptism. Confirmation. Eucharist etc. To a Catholic Priest. Contemporary Christians deem that Gibson’s beliefs and his intervention of the movie are in harmoniousness with Roman Catholic Theology. therefore. nicknaming the movie to hold subliminal content. What concerns Modern Christians more is that the gesture image is non entirely based on the Bible. it besides utilized beginning stuff from Roman Catholic Traditions. They say that the inside informations of Christ’s anguish in the movie were non written in the Bible. Claiming that if Christ’s enduring were every bit reliable as the film Tells. He could hold been dead before his decease sentence was passed down. Christians condemn the movie as Biblically undependable and in a sarcastic behaviour. a Catholic movie. Christians besides commented on the other facets of the movie aside from its secret plan and genuineness. Christians besides took their rage out to the dramatis personae of the movie. They express great disapproval of the dramatis personae. They claim lead histrion Jim Caviezel is a devoted Roman Catholic and sacredly follow the rules of Roman Catholicism. Christians besides integrate that the movie is every bit ugly as the people in production. This was an onslaught to the actresses in the movie. Monica Belucci who played Mary Magdalene. who was a former grownup movie actress. Rosita Celentano who played Satan. Claudia Gerini who played Claudia Procles and Maia Morgenstern who all had anterior callings in the grownup amusement industry. Contemporary Christians besides gloated on acclaimers and protagonists of the film. They accept the fact that the film was an invention in distributing the Good News to non-believers ; nevertheless they besides province that movies and staged presentations do non number as replacements to conventional methods of prophesying. They insinuated that the last clip other media was used to proclaim the Gospel was the clip when the interlingual rendition of the Scriptures were forbidden. They conclude that the Bible endowed us with the amazing significance of prophesying and bequeaths us with the grounds why it is unreplaceable by other signifiers of communicating. Historical Conflicts Some historiographers besides doubted the gesture picture’s truth. Latin was the linguistic communication spoken in the film ; historiographers claim that Jesus spoke Greek and Aramaic. The visual aspect of Christ in the film was questioned by historiographers every bit good. Harmonizing to historiographers. sporting of longhair is non improbable for a Judaic adult male during that clip. Historians believe that the Gospels were penned decennaries after the supposed day of the month of Resurrection. they besides argue on the phenomenon of the happening and whether to see it a historical event or non ( Nwazota 2 ) . The Passion and the World of Politicss Critics speculate that The Passion of the Christ will probably back the racial wars of the United States Government. President George W. Bush even expressed a great trade of involvement in seeing the movie. Two outstanding Christian Sects gave 2 tickets to each member of the Congress ; Critics besides indicated that these groups were conservative Christians. They voiced out utmost congratulationss to the movie are outstanding Bush protagonists who opted for his re-election. It is besides noted that these groups are politically inclined and supportive of the blazing U. S Government docket like Imperialism and Warfare. Word has it that the film strengthened the groups’ ties with American Politicss. Remarks on Extreme Violence Tom Holtz. a modern-day Christian critic expressed unease feelings on the Gore inside informations depicted in the film. Parents and Guardians were advised non to take kids in sing the gesture image. The inhumane inhuman treatment on Christ was difficult to bear. Some conservative Critics say that the film was true. while other critics claim that there were touches of hyperbole. Pride and Prejudice Peoples of Afro-american descent expressed utmost anger on the representation of Christ in the film. These people were dismayed by the fact that Jesus was portrayed by a Caucasic histrion. Norm Allen Jr. . a secular humanist indicate that the movie gave a image of typecasts. The film besides figuratively illustrates that Jews are malevolent and that adult females are by nature. devilish. Critics besides include that the film’s intervention on Herod were an obvious onslaught on homophiles. a representation that has no historical and factual beginnings. Secular Point of view The unconventional narration of the movie started in the center of the story’s entireness. this attack on The Passion of the Christ did non impede Character build-up. Film critics praise the film’s executing and noted that the movie showed who the chief Character was prior to the violent persecution. Film critic Orson Scott-Card urged that the flashbacks and the lines of Christ were absolutely timed in every state of affairs throughout the movie. Critics embraced the movie in the true sense of the word. as an artistic creative activity and non in a theological. racial and dogmatic position. Plants Cited Ebert. Roger. â€Å"The Passion of the Christ† .Chicago Sun-Times. 21. February. 2004 : Anti-semitic Response. † 13 August 2003. Anti-Defamation League. 23 November 2007. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. adl. org/ anti_semitism/anti-semitic-responses. asp â€Å"The Cardinal and the passion. † 18 September 2003. National Review Online. 23 November â€Å"Some ideas on the Passion. † 27 May 2004. Council for Secular Humanism. 23 November â€Å"Civilization Watch. † 29 February 2004. The Cantankerous American. 23 November 2007. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ornery. org/essays/warwatch/2004-2-29. hypertext markup language â€Å"Passion of the Christ incites Passionate Criticism. † 25 February 2004. Public Broadcasting Service. 24 November 2007. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. phosphate buffer solution. org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june04/passion_2-25. hypertext markup language Edelstein. David. â€Å"Mel Gibson’s Bloody Mess. †Slate Magazine. 24 February 2004

Stepping Outside the Box essays

Stepping Outside the Box essays Looking in depth into the history of American Literature can be a very interesting thing. Digging deeper into the writings and tying them in with personal values and ties can make these early writings very meaningful. The people of this time started to read not only for the fact of just to read, but they started to read for entertainment. Ralph Waldo Emersons The American Scholar, Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle, and Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken, are all stories/poems that take an in-depth look at portraying the American character. In this paper Im going to take an in-depth look at these three stories/poems and see how they depict the American character. So put on your reading glasses and come along for a ride on the American culture adventure. Washington Irving set a good tone by building the American character in his writing of Rip Van Winkle. Irving used vast analogies to build upon what we would view as the American character. In his writing, Irving stated, I have observed that he was a simple good natured man; he was moreover a kind neighbour, and an obedient, henpecked husband (Anthology 450). Talking about Van Winkle in this statement, Irvings true meaning of this is that Van Winkle fights for survival in his everyday life. He builds his own character by being kind to the people around him and works hard as being a good husband. Another statement by Irving that shows Van Winkles impact in the community is, Certain it is, that he was a great favourite among all the good wives of the village, who, as usual with the amiable sex, took his part in all family squabning gossippings, to lay all the blame on Dame Van Winkle (Anthology 450). Irving is portraying Dame Van Winkles character as impacting the village. Jus t as a true American character would do, Van Winkle leaves a lasting impact on his village. Every g...

Definition and Examples of Perception Verbs in English

Definition and Examples of Perception Verbs in English In English grammar, a verb of perception is a  verb (such as see, watch, look, hear, listen, feel, and taste) that conveys the experience of one of the physical senses. Also called perception verb or perceptual verb. Distinctions can be drawn between subject-oriented and object-oriented verbs of perception. Examples and Observations I discovered that to achieve perfect personal silence all I had to do was to attach myself leechlike to sound. I began to listen to everything. I probably hoped that after I had heard all the sounds, really heard them, and packed them down, deep in my ears, the world would be quiet around me.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969) This is the pit of loneliness, in an office on a summer Saturday. I stand at the window and look down at the batteries and batteries of offices across the way, recalling how the thing looks in winter twilight when everything is going full blast, every cell lighted, and how you can see in pantomime the puppets fumbling with their slips of paper (but you dont hear the rustle), see them pick up their phone (but you dont hear the ring), see the noiseless, ceaseless moving about of so many passers of pieces of paper . . ..(E.B.White, Here Is New York. Harper, 1949) Now perchance many sounds sights only remind me that they once said something to me, and are so by association interesting. . . . I see a skunk on bare garden hill stealing noiselessly away from me, while the moon shines over the pitch pines which send long shadows down the hill . . .. I smell the huckleberry bushes. . . . Now I hear the sound of a bugle in the Corner reminding me of Poetic Wars, a few flourishes the bugler has gone to rest.(Henry David Thoreau, July 11, 1851. A Year in Thoreaus Journal: 1851, ed. by H. Daniel Peck. Penguin, 1993) A Markedness Hierarchy In Viberg (1984), a markedness hierarchy is presented for the verbs of perception based on data from approximately 50 languages. In slightly simplified form, this hierarchy can be stated as follows: SEEHEARFEEL{TASTE, SMELL} If a language has only one verb of perception, the basic meaning is see. If it has two, the basic meanings are see and hear etc. . . . See is the most frequent verb of perception in all eleven European languages in the sample.(Ã…ke Viberg, Crosslinguistic Perspectives on Lexical Organization and Lexical Progression. Progression and Regression in Language: Sociocultural, Neuropsychological and Linguistic Perspectives, ed. by Kenneth Hyltenstam and Ã…ke Viberg. Cambridge University Press, 1993) Subject-Oriented and Object-Oriented Verbs of Perception It is necessary to draw a two-way distinction between subject-oriented and object-oriented verbs of perception (Viberg 1983, Harm 2000), for . . . this distinction plays into the expression of evidential meaning.Subject-oriented perception verbs (called experience-based by Viberg) are those verbs whose grammatical subject is the perceiver and they emphasize the perceivers role in the act of perception. They are transitive verbs, and they can be further sub-divided into agentive and experiencer perception verbs. The subject-oriented agentive perception verbs signify an intended act of perception: (2a) Karen listened to the music. . . .(3a) Karen smelled the iris with delight. So in (2) and (3), Karen intends to listen to the music and she intentionally smells the iris. On the other hand, subject-oriented experiencer perception verbs indicate no such volition; instead, they merely describe a non-intended act of perception: (4a) Karen heard the music. . . .(5a) Karen tasted the garlic in the soup. So here in (4) and (5), Karen does not intend to go out of her way to auditorily perceive the music or to gustatorily perceive the garlic in her soup; they are simply acts of perception that she naturally experiences without any volition on her part. . . .The object of perception, rather than the perceiver himself, is the grammatical subject of object-oriented perception verbs (called source-based by Viberg), and the agent of perception is sometimes wholly absent from the clause. These verbs are intransitive. When using an object-oriented perception verb, speakers make an assessment concerning the state of the object of perception, and these verbs are often used evidentially: (6a) Karen looks healthy. . . .(7a) The cake tastes good. The speaker reports on what is perceived here, and neither Karen nor the cake are perceivers.(Richard Jason Whitt, Evidentiality, Polysemy, and the Verbs of Perception in English and German. Linguistic Realization of Evidentiality in European Languages, ed. by Gabriele Diewald and Elena Smirnova. Walter de Gruyter, 2010) Usage Note: The Perfect Infinitive After a Verb of Perception The perfect infinitive of verbsthe infinitive of the past, such as to have loved or to have eatenis often misused. . . . Usually . . . where one may have the instinct to use a perfect infinitive, one ought correctly to use the present. One of the rare legitimate usages is to refer to a completed action after a verb of perception: he appears to have broken his leg or she seems to have been lucky.(Simon Heffer, Strictly English: The Correct Way to Write . . . and Why It Matters. Random House, 2011)

Closing the Gap Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Closing the Gap - Article Example Different steps have been laid out to assist in the achievement of organizational performance, which means that they need to be followed and monitored closely to allow organizations better their operations. Practices in the organization need to be in line with the formulated strategy to allow proper flow of operations. The five-step program is aimed at ensuring organizations have a fundamental way of reaching their employees. This is through relaying the ultimate goals which the organization is aiming for, which need better decision making skills and communication channels. A strategic pilot is what the five-step program is identified as and brings to focus the anticipated performance that organizations aim for in their repertoire. Different leadership practices are also addressed in the five-step process, which might allow managers to bring proper cohesion to frontline employees. Managers claim the performance loss between strategy formulation and strategy implementation can be solv ed through communication and strategy execution practices (Knowles, 2011). The article summarizes the five-step program, otherwise known as the strategic pilot. ... Communicating the formulated strategy in a manner in which stakeholders can understand makes it possible for them to examine the correlation between strategy and the organization’s success. Indicating that the strategy is aimed at more than the financial capability and standing of the organization is crucial in helping the implementation of strategies in the organization. The next step involves selecting the right amount of information that may be useful as compared to handling large amounts of data. This step assists in selecting the highest priority in the organization, and dealing with it (Knowles, 2011). The third step involves listing strategic objectives to determine the impact and core of each process. The higher weighted objectives can be placed in higher levels in the listing while the lighter objectives can be placed in lower listings. These listings assist in translating strategy into performance as the highest priorities get the recognition they deserve. In the fou rth step, strategies are placed at the center of the management practices. The reason behind this is that leadership in the organization is engaged, and the strategic governance process grows. The performance results point the organization toward process improvement, which may guarantee organizational success. The approach works to deploy strategies from the top down, and solutions are built only where they can add value to the organization (Knowles, 2011). Finally, the fifth step/approach focuses on assisting businesses become strategy-based organizations. This is through evaluating all the above approaches and properly implementing their use. Simply stating the intentions behind such approaches is not enough to guarantee the organization’s success. This means that all approaches have